Government Accounting - 1454 Words

Overview of government accounting Government accounting Government accounting refers to the different accounting systems that the different entities in the public sector use. Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) set the accounting standards to be used by the state and local government. The role of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is to set up and improve the accounting standards of state and local government. It also ensures that financial reporting gives accurate and reliable information to the users. It also educates and guides the public, auditor s users and issuers of the financial reports. Comparison of governmental accounting with for-profit financial accounting Governmental accounting and for-profit†¦show more content†¦It is therefore a primary government. The district is in the same geographical region with Maricopa County, but it financially accountable for all the activities that are related to public community college education in the county. The district is not included in any other governmental financial reporting entity. Evaluation of the Management Discussion Analysis (MDA) of the Maricopa County Community College District (MCCCD ; the District) Management s Discussion and Analysis introduces the financial statements of the entity under consideration and gives an overview in a particular financial year. This section comes after the independent report from the auditor. In this case I will look at the financial statements of Maricopa County Community College District (the District) for the financial year ended June 30, 2010. Introduction of the basic financial statements The financial statements of this District have been presented as per the pronouncements given by Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB), which is the body that has the authority to establish generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Districts presentation format is a consolidated, single- column and entity-wide format. The financial statements consist of: The Statement of Net Assets This shows the value of assetsShow MoreRelatedThe New Government Accounting System (Issues in Public Audit)1791 Words   |  8 PagesThe New Government Accounting System: Issues in Public Audit 1 Introduction Historically, the growth of government auditing and accounting in the Philippines was greatly influenced by the administrative practices in the United States, so much so that during the time that the General Accounting Office in the United States was responsible for the government’s accounting, that concept was similarly introduced in the Philippines. Unfortunately, by the time the practice was abandoned in the United StatesRead MoreAn Accounting Method For A Transparent Government1628 Words   |  7 PagesAn Accounting Method for a Transparent Government *I got some bad news about my health. I should be okay, but I m worried all the work I ve done will go unknown if I don t publish now. This was finished in haste. Please forgive errors, typos, glitches, and bad programming techniques.* I ve designed an accounting method to be used to for a transparent government that is easily understood by even a layperson. Thus, every citizen of age can understand the financial position of their city. IRead MoreEssay on Government Regulations: Accounting1676 Words   |  7 Pagesonce stated, â€Å"You have to know accounting. It’s the language of practical business life.† This statement emphasizes that accounting has become the center of the business world. With the world now being focused around businesses and the idea of how to make the next dollar it’s obvious that the accounting field is rapidly becoming the most influential field in the world today. With these occurrences comes regulation, and when I say regulation I mean stiff government regulations on how financial reportingRead MoreThe Use of Funds in Government Accounting60336 Words   |  242 PagesGovernmental Accounting Multiple Choice 1. To what does basis of accounting refer? a. whether an entity is trying to measure the excess of inflows over outflows b. how much cash an entity received in a particular reporting period c. the timing of recognition of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenditures/expenses in financial statements d. the ownership of the assets, liabilities, and equities reported in a balance sheet Answer: c 2. Governmental accounting normallyRead MoreThe New Government Accounting System (NGAs)700 Words   |  3 PagesThe New Government Accounting System (NGAs) was introduced in January 1, 2002 to simplify the recording of government transactions and generate financial statements that are reflective of the government’s true state of affairs. The old system was done manually and was prone to material errors in recording and journalizing. In addition, the manual system was ineffective in providing financial information in a timely manner, and therefore more difficult to use for decision making. 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The requirements for governme ntal companies use the Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB), whereas profit and non-profit companies use the Financial Accounting Standards Board. This paper will explain the purpose, discus the similarities, and differences between the GASB and FASB. Read MoreNational Council on Government Accounting Statement No. 44 and Its Impact on Reporting2111 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial statements of any type of entity (governmental or business) must be comparable from one accounting period to another. In any type of industry it is necessary to adopt accounting principles that best reflect the entity’s respective practice. Changes in accounting principles are often required to improve reliability and relevance of the financial statements. Financial statements of an entity must be presented consistently with other entities that are involved in the same line of practiceRead MoreQuestions On Public Financial Management System Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesREG. NUMBER: R123729T DEPARTMENT: Accounting MODULE: Public Sector Accounting MODE OF ENTRY: Visiting LEVEL: 4.1 LECTURER: Ms Nyamwanza ASSIGNMENT â€Å"The civil service and government subscribe to a different code of ethics than the rest of us† Critically discuss this statement with reference to the Zimbabwean public financial management system. [25] The civil service is those branches of public service concerned with all government administrations outside the armed servicesRead MoreForensic Accounting Research Proposal647 Words   |  3 PagesRESEARCH PROPOSAL 1. Scope of Research Forensic Accounting and Financial Criminology 2. Proposed Research The Needs of Good Forensic Accounting Skills in Public Sector Working Environment 3. Research Background Forensic accounting may not be a new field in accounting. However it becomes so important recently and has been an interest to various stakeholders, from the government, investors, and practitioners to regulatory bodies. In public sector, the increment

Journal of Love Essay - 6291 Words

Journal of Love *If youve been hurt in the past by people dont assume that you will always be hurt, open your heart to someone who you can trust and you will find true love, dont deny yourself of that feeling* *You dont come across that many people that give you butterflies, you just dont* If two past lovers remain friends, they are either still in love, or never were. You always overlook the little things in a relationship. Its the times when you wake at 4am and smell his cologne when you know you have made a mistake. Isnt it funny how you can think youre completely over someone, but if you drive past his house, stumble upon a meaningful song you both shared, or even catch a glance of him on the street, just in†¦show more content†¦we talked like we used to, we called every night, we hung out like it was no big deal when we really knew it meant everything. And for that certain time, it was like nothing had changed. It was just like it should be. But as I look back on the memories, I realize that we have changed, in great ways. And I guess thats not so bad, because having that change is what makes these times so incredible. My first love? I guess you could call it that. Its not like Im an expert on what love is and isnt. After all, Im only 16. Yeah, maybe my first love, what else do you call someone youve shared almost every deep down secret with, talked to for hours every day, given your heart to, trusted, believed in, got flutters in your heart just thinking about them, thought about day after day, hour after hour, minute after minute, forgiven even after they so utterly wronged you and caused an internal pain you never knew you were capable of feeling, and still loved unconditionally? Yeah, I guess first love pretty much sums it up. Either that or obsession. Real love stories never have endings *Frustrated cause I cant tell if its real.Mad cause i dont know how you feel. Upset cause we cant make it right.Sad cause i need you day night.Angry cause you wont take my hand. Agrivated cuz you dont understand.Dissappointed cuz we cant be 2 gether.But i still love you now andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Journal And Love Writing Poetry1161 Words   |  5 PagesAt the start of this English 1A course I ran into a few struggling problems. The first was I hadn’t written much since high school, though I do try to keep a personal journal and love writing poetry. Between having to go to work taking care of a dog maintaining a social life and attending school writing quickly became an old pastime. So, upon being told to freewrite the first day of class I froze, not remembering how to write, though I am someone who usually has plenty to say. Once I got startedRead MoreWhy I Am Addicted With How You Should Write It?893 Words   |  4 PagesThere is no limiting in how you should write it, what you can write it or when you should write it. Writing is freedom. 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One day Puck gets really bored and as mischievous as he is; what is the worst that can happen? â€Æ' DAY 1 PUCKS JOURNAL ANOTHER DAY AT THE JOB 1/9/2014 I did another mail run today and everyone is still not talking to each other. It’s not fun anymore, there’s no action, no excitement. I remember that time when Demetrius figured out that Lysander had a crush onRead MoreHow Can You Reinvent Yourself?1589 Words   |  7 Pageson a deeper level. Journaling can be used to rid yourself of anger and hostility. We can write an angry letter to someone we d really like to tell off and rid ourselves of those angry feelings. Then we can leave that anger behind us. Over time a journal can give us a picture of where we have been, where we are now, and where we want to be in the future. It can help us identify goals and track our progress as we complete those goals. 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I will show how I have developed over the last two years at Vision College, and how this self-development has been a surprising and painful journey, using journal entries. I will also show my plans for on-going development. I have moved from self-discovery to self-acceptance to self-love in many areas with many more discoveriesRead MoreTen Journaling Topics For Self Discovery1669 Words   |  7 Pageson a deeper level. Journaling can be used to rid yourself of anger and hostility. We can write an angry letter to someone we d really like to tell off and rid ourselves of those angry feelings. Then we can leave that anger behind us. Over time a journal can give us a picture of where we have been, where we are now, and where we want to be in the future. It can help us identify goals and track our progress as we complete those goals. Journaling has even been used as a self-therapy too and allows usRead MoreThe Heresy Of White Christianity893 Words   |  4 Pagesincludes history, as well as a deep understanding. This should rid of any misunderstanding of the term. Edwards, Korie L. 2008. â€Å"Bring Race To the Center: The Importance of Race in Racially Diverse Religious Organizations.† Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 47(1):5–9. Retrieved 2015. The article explains the importance of understanding race. Racial diversity is spreading in numerous organizations, including religion. The author states that

Technology Diffusion and Productivity Growth

Question: Discuss about the Technology Diffusion and Productivity Growth. Answer: Introduction: Rising healthcare costs have become a major concern for all the developed countries in the world. In the present day, many of the nations have conducted researches regarding the amount of expenditure on healthcare. They have come to a conclusion that their expenditure on healthcare is lowering the economic stability of the nation. The nations now believe that it is highly important to introduce reforms that will reduce the spending of the government on healthcare. However the governments are also concerned about the increase in expenditure that would affect every citizen if the governments reduce their contribution forcing citizens to spend huge money from their own pockets. Therefore most of the nations who think of their citizens are in great dilemma about the expenditure in healthcare sectors thereby appoint policy makers to introduce reforms that will help both the government and the citizens to contribute the increasing cost of healthcare (Groves et al. 2016). However, there has been always a debate among health economists. One group suggests that in order to match up with the increasing healthcare costs, it is the duty of the individuals to pay for their healthcare expenditure. On the other hand, another group argues that in order to maintain equality among the healthcare expenditures, both high and low income families should have similar access to healthcare. In order to do so, there should be enough contribution from the government for low income families (Drummond et al. 2015). Therefore the essay will mainly focus on the dilemma that a policy maker will face while taking side for a particular side of the debate. It will also portray about how the issue can be dealt so that the main outcome of healthcare cost can be reduced without creating a hole in pocket of both citizens and the government. In the recent era, in most nations, it has seen that there is huge increase in the expenditure of the healthcare sectors. One of the prime reasons for the increase in healthcare cost is the increasing advancement in technology and its inclusion in each aspect of healthcare departments (Kayyali, Knott and Van 2013). The duty of a policy advisor would not be to create excessive pressure both on the government and on the citizens. A better policy advisor would be a person who will guide the entire nation in a way which will help to stabilize the increasing hike in healthcare sectors (Jones et al. 2014). It has been seen that technology is considered to involve presentation of drugs, devices along with different medical or surgical procedures. New technologies have also helped in several prevention and rehabilitation of different diseases. It has been stated by many researchers that the primary reason for increase in healthcare cost in the present era is due to the technological change n ecessary to treat patients. This technological use in healthcare has helped in increasing benefits like life expectancy, reduction in disability among the different elderly as well as decreased number of mortality in many cases where patients used to die previously (Skinner and Stagier 2015). However at the same time, citizens should pay importance to the cost of the benefits that they are taking help. In order to save the lives of loved ones, they are utilizing healthcare technologies but these technologies come at a higher cost and therefore such innovations and their services are costly. These must be analyzed by citizens that just like they are being able to save lives of family members with technologies which otherwise would have not been possible without technologies. Hence, they should also feel that is indeed important for them to contribute more to the healthcare system as the recent systems have to spend a lot of money for maintenance and servicing of the technological adv ancements incorporated in the setting. Many new types of equipment have been introduced for treatment as in case of myocardial infarction (Kontos et al. 2014). Besides pharmacological intervention, a number of different intervention like thrombolytic therapy, angiography, angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery and similar others have been introduced. All these services use extensive technological supports and therefore are costly. However at the same time, they have decreased the number of people suffering from myocardial infarction. Therefore, as citizens one should also feel responsible in spending out of pocket in order to get more benefits of technology for the costlier services (Gell et al. 2013). However, hospitals should also be ethical enough in charging the cost for the new technology. There are also reports that many hospitals undertake unnecessary tests and overuse of high cost technology mainly in the private healthcare sectors. These hospitals tend to earn more profits by unnecessary application of technology even in different diagnoses which might be done without technological help. Such discrepancies should be monitored by regulatory bodies so that unnecessary so that citizens are not forced to pay more than what is needed (Sultan 2014). The government should also implement regulatory bodies where they would evaluate the economically implications and analyze the cost and cost effectiveness and thereby implement policies which would help to save money by the citizens. The government should also take initiatives for the appraisal of social and ethical implications about the diffusion as well as the use of health technologies and other organizational implications (Chib, van Velthoven and Car 2015). Moreover discrimination is also present in the healthcare industry that also needs to be properly analyzed. There are two types of healthcare insurances that are utilized by a particular citizen. This involves the private healthcare policies and public healthcare policies. The private healthcare policies are mainly initiated by the different healthcare sectors or private companies in association with hospitals and nursing homes. The private healthcare insurances usually charge more to the patients and the insurance they cover is of huge amount as well (Khatib et al. 2016). However the governmental initiatives of the insurances cover budgets which are comparatively smaller than the private ones. Moreover, it has been suggested by many studies that the governmental health insurances also pay less to the doctors. However still the doctors remain attached with public sectors as they tend to increase the amount of the bill ultimately matching the budget with that of the private insurances . On the other hand, private insurances pay more to the doctors as they cannot afford the doctors leaving the carriers. Therefore, one can see both the private and the public insurances are providing the equal money to the healthcare sectors for attaining the same treatments (Hill and Cooke 2014). As a responsible citizen having a moderate to high income of money should not create extra pressure on the government for providing money to the healthcare expenditure of a middle income to high income family. It has been already established that both the type of insurances nearly provide the same sort of assistances (Perry, Zulliger and Rogers 2014). Therefore systems should be adopted in such a way that moderate and high income individual should opt for private insurances. People belonging to high socioeconomic background should spend more on their premiums so that an overall stability in financing the healthcare system can be achieved. The main motive of the healthcare system and its ex penditure should be based on equity. By this statement, it means that the individuals who are privileged with high income should more as the premium whereas people of low economic background should be helped by the government. This system would help in achieving a condition where sufficient finance can be accumulated for meeting the needs of healthcare for both the privileged and underprivileged (Nagarajan and Shrieff 2017). Moreover it would be also helpful if the government can develop a hand in deciding the money which would be paid as tax to the government. The high income and middle income citizens would be classified into a number of slabs and depending upon it, their percentage of tax would be decided. This would be helpful in lessening the stress on the pocket of low income families and also of the government. Although it would be the citizens who would be spending the money, the government should play an important role in the setting up of proper slabs depending upon which their payment of healthcare tax should be fixed. Their authority to hold private insurances would also depend upon their salary slab as well. This system is evidence based and would help to maintain equity among different healthcare systems. This is helpful as it does not create excessive economic pressure on the citizens and only extracts that minimal amount which can be provided by them to help the healthcare sectors to provide them services in need (George et al. 2016). Therefore, the initiative would be taken by the government to introduce healthcare benefits for low economic households, introduce slab systems for payment of taxes to meet the healthcare needs and encourage the high and middle economic families to uptake private insurances without creating pressure on governmental funds. Recently another important trend in rise in healthcare cost is linked with the rise in prevalence of manmade disease . There are a large number of diseases like diabetes, obesity, substance abuse disorders, excessive smoking, alcohols and many others which mainly take place due to improper life styles which are involuntary. Often certain behaviors like lack of exercises, overconsumption of food, intake of calorigenic food and many other often result from an individuals own choices. Moreover many nations are seen to be more inclined on spending money on treatment rather than trying best to preventive (Keift et al. 2014). The World Health Organization has already tried its best to create awareness among citizens of every nation. They have clearly discussed the concept of prevention of diseases stating that prevention is indeed the most cost effective process of decreasing the rate of chronic diseases especially for those individuals who are at the higher risk of the disease. WHO has al so shared facts where they have stated that about 80% of the different diseases like heart disease, diabetes, stroke, along with one third of the cancers can be avoided by individuals (Spinks et al. 2017). They can achieve this by eliminating the shared risk factors which may include tobacco use, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet and also overuse of drugs and alcohol. Many of the diseases can be checked if the citizens are careful enough with their lives and through regular preventive healthcare such as diagnostic screenings (www.acponline.org 2017). However still people are careless and take their lives for granted until they are affected with severe disorder. In such cases, patients with these habits applying for governmental help for financing his healthcare expenditures is morally and ethically incorrect. Therefore the governmental help should be specified for usage of particular classes of people and for particular specified diseases, so that the chances of exploitation o f governmental fund can be prevented. In order to do so the government should develop systems for properly analyzing the kind of service needed by the patients, his financial status, his credibility, his needs and others before deciding on the aid (George et al. 2016). The government should introduce policies that will encourage citizens to develop proper living habits rather than taking healthcare funds for granted. The government can help by introducing proper education systems for citizens who will help them to undertake proper lifestyles and therefore reduce the occurrences of disorders. However, often patients become victimized to high prices of healthcare services; this is mainly due to different factors of the healthcare services that tend to increase the bill of patients. Often patients who visit to hospitals for healthcare services are provided with options of treatments which are much more costly than the alternatives which were not disclosed to the patients. Therefore the patients often fail in proper decision making (Kieft et al. 2014). Here, the patients become victims to the discrepancies of the hospitals as a result of which their expenditure gets higher. The hospitals tend to charge more when they see patients with insurances. Moreover often patients also become victim to different types of errors conducted by healthcare professionals. This again led to a huge expenditure of the resources on behalf of the patients (Mosadehgraj 2014). There have been many cases where it is reported like improper medication administration to patients following a wrong route , a wrong dose, a wrong procedure and many others have increased the stay of patients in healthcare sectors. Although one is expecting the patients to pay amount from their pockets in case of their ailments, this kind of errors from the healthcare groups should be highly criticized. The government should come forward and introduce strict rules and policies which will handle such errors and take strict disciplinary rules (Lee 2015). Moreover hospitals are also admitting patients with diseases for which specialists are not available. This is resulting in compromise of the health of the patient along with that of the resources of the patients. Moreover many hospitals are incapable of maintain a correct skill mix of healthcare professionals. This also affects the quality treatment that a patient expects form a healthcare sector. There are also many hospitals which after attaining a brand value try to impose higher charges for their services irrespective of the costs which are fixed by t he government. Therefore, the hospitals should be properly regulated by the strict governmental monitoring so that the hospitals can be careful in the interventions they apply (Metsala and Vaherkoski 2014). The government should be particular in the policies that apply. They should ensure accurate costing of each of the health services and the health products that the hospitals are providing to the students. The government should also try to implement strategies to turn the inappropriate workforce into trained individuals so that the chance of patients spending more money on errors conducted by unskilled workers can be avoided (Pellegrin et al. 2017). Also the high administration cost of well known hospitals should also be managed properly so that the costs do not create a pressure on the pockets of the patients. As a senior policy advisor of the Ministry of Health, it would be the duty of the advisor to introduce reforms that will help in decreasing the healthcare costs associated with healthcare services. Each services and products of the healthcare sectors should be properly analyzed and their pricing should be foxed, so that any discrepancies do not affect the pocket of the patients. The government should initiate reforms to introduce strategies that will prevent excessive flow of money from patients. This may include strategic spending of the patients for healthcare through payment of health taxes according to their earning slab. The patients with higher income should pay higher tax than people with moderate income. This would help in preventing pressure on both the government and also low economic families. Moreover the high income families should be encouraged for private insurances so that the finance under the government can be spent for those patients coming from poverty stricken fa milies and similar backgrounds. By this way, the policy advisor will be able to strike a balance in the health care expenditure and maintain equity in healthcare. As the government should be concerned with the healthcare of the patients who are unable to afford healthcare costs, the upper and middle class families should also be responsible for marinating their healthcare costs to some extent. This would create less pressure on the economic condition of the nation and would help nation spend money on other development sectors which would help in the growth of very individuals financially. The government should provide a subsidy to every healthcare sector to keep their service price low. At the same time the citizens should be responsible to maintain lives in such a way so that they get let exposed to harmful diseases and also manage their insurances and finance plan. This should be done in such a way so that it helps them to cover the healthcare charge without creating a huge hole i n the pocket. References: Chib, A., van Velthoven, M.H. and Car, J., 2015. mHealth adoption in low-resource environments: A review of the use of mobile healthcare in developing countries.Journal of Health Communication,20(1), pp.4-34. Drummond, M.F., Sculpher, M.J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G.L. and Torrance, G.W., 2015.Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press. Gell, N.M., Rosenberg, D.E., Demiris, G., LaCroix, A.Z. and Patel, K.V., 2013. Patterns of technology use among older adults with and without disabilities.The Gerontologist, p.gnt166. George, C.E., Ramadas, D., Norman, G., Mukherjee, D. and Rao, T., 2016. Barriers to cardiovascular disease risk reduction: Does physicians perspective matter?.Indian Heart Journal,68(3), pp.278-285. Groves, P., Kayyali, B., Knott, D. and Kuiken, S.V., 2016. The'big data'revolution in healthcare: Accelerating value and innovation. Hill, A. and Cooke, G., 2014. Hepatitis C can be cured globally, but at what cost?.Science,345(6193), pp.141-142. Jones, S.S., Rudin, R.S., Perry, T. and Shekelle, P.G., 2014. Health information technology: an updated systematic review with a focus on meaningful use.Annals of internal medicine,160(1), pp.48-54. Kayyali, B., Knott, D. and Van Kuiken, S., 2013. The big-data revolution in US health care: Accelerating value and innovation.Mc Kinsey Company, pp.1-13. Khatib, R., McKee, M., Shannon, H., Chow, C., Rangarajan, S., Teo, K., Wei, L., Mony, P., Mohan, V., Gupta, R. and Kumar, R., 2016. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data.The Lancet,387(10013), pp.61-69. Kieft, R.A., de Brouwer, B.B., Francke, A.L. and Delnoij, D.M., 2014. How nurses and their work environment affect patient experiences of the quality of care: a qualitative study.BMC health services research,14(1), p.249. Kontos, E., Blake, K.D., Chou, W.Y.S. and Prestin, A., 2014. Predictors of eHealth usage: insights on the digital divide from the Health Information National Trends Survey 2012.Journal of medical Internet research,16(7), p.e172. Lee, D.J., 2015. Injections, Infections, Condoms, and Care: Thoughts on Negligence and HIV Exposure.Cornell JL Pub. Pol'y,25, p.245. Metsl, E. and Vaherkoski, U., 2014. Medication errors in elderly acute carea systematic review.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences,28(1), pp.12-28. Mosadeghrad, A.M., 2014. Factors influencing healthcare service quality. Nagarajan, G. and Shrieff, J.K., 2017. Role of Management in Medical ErrorsMarking and Methods to Improve Safety and Reduce Errors to the Healthcare OrganisationA Theoretical Prospective.MIM INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, p.53. Pellegrin, K.L., Krenk, L., Oakes, S.J., Ciarleglio, A., Lynn, J., McInnis, T., Bairos, A.W., Gomez, L., McCrary, M.B., Hanlon, A.L. and Miyamura, J., 2017. Reductions in Medication?Related Hospitalizations in Older Adults with Medication Management by Hospital and Community Pharmacists: A Quasi?Experimental Study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,65(1), pp.212-219. Perry, H.B., Zulliger, R. and Rogers, M.M., 2014. Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness.Annual review of public health,35, pp.399-421. Skinner, J. and Staiger, D., 2015. Technology diffusion and productivity growth in health care.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(5), pp.951-964. Spinks, J., Jackson, J., Kirkpatrick, C.M. and Wheeler, A.J., 2017. Disruptive innovation in community pharmacyImpact of automation on the pharmacist workforce.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy,13(2), pp.394-397. Sultan, N., 2014. Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), pp.177-184. www.acponline.org. 2017. Controlling Healthcare Costs While Promoting the Best Possible Health Outcomes. [online] Available at: https://www.acponline.org/acp_policy/policies/controlling_healthcare_costs_2009.pdf [Accessed 6 Apr. 2017].

Moral Intelligence free essay sample

Your moral compass consists of moral intelligence, the ability to know the right thing to do, and moral competence, having the ability to do the right thing. In the heart of this book Lennick points out that there are four principle values to maintaining a balanced moral compass: integrity, responsibility, compassion, and forgiveness. This book successfully instructs leaders on the importance of being in tuned with their moral compass and what the positive and negative aspects of following or not following it are. After reading this book one could determine that these lessons can be applied not only to ones professional life but also to their personal life as well. This book does not just portray the thoughts and ideas of one person. Lennick and his co-author, Fred Kiel, performed extensive research on the topics of management and leadership before writing this book. They interviewed executives and top leaders of highly successful companies to test their theories of the importance to having a balanced moral compass. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Intelligence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Interviewees discussed what negative effects occurred not only to their companies but also to the morale of the employees when they did not follow their moral compass. John Simmons (pseudonym) realized his moral compass was misaligned when he was confronted by his fellow business partners regarding his rigid behavior at a meeting. After much reflection he determined why he was treating those that were for his ideas as if they were his enemies. This is a great representation of how everyone needs to take time each day to ensure nothing is in the way of keeping their personal values, goals, and actions inline. The first of the four principles in the book is integrity. The best way to describe integrity is â€Å"truthfulness† to ones self and others. Integrity is â€Å"acting consistently with principles, values, and beliefs† and is the primary moral competency. Integrity does not only involve telling the truth, it also means standing up for what you believe in no matter what the consequence may be. If one does not have integrity then they probably lack moral competency as well. This book provides an excellent example of a company president who decided it was more important for her to be upfront and truthful with her managers instead of hoping for a turn around that would possibly never happen. Cindy Carlson, former president of Capital Professional Advisors, told her managers that the company was likely not to make it to its third year and she would not blame them if they left. Because she put her own job in jeopardy be telling the truth, all of her managers respected this and stayed. The manager’s trust in her also helped with receiving buy-in from the other employees. What better way for the authors to prove the importance of integrity than with a true success story. Lennick proved the topic of integrity best by stating that â€Å"[a]cting with integrity means that you accept the risks that come with taking a principled stand because the moral consequences of looking the other way are unacceptable. † This is such a powerful statement showing leaders that you have to fight for what you believe in; being submissive for something you know is morally wrong should not be an option. The buck stops here,† as President Harry Truman was famous for saying, represents the competency of responsibility. Lennick says that effective leaders take responsibility for their own choices, admit their mistakes, and embrace the responsibility of serving others. I agree with the authors that the middle managers struggle with this competence the most because they are stuck between being responsible for those that they lead and the need to follow the orders of those above them. Anyone who has ever been in this position knows this is true. If an upper manager does not take responsibility for his own actions the middle manager typically takes the blame. Leaders must be willing to take responsibility when things go wrong. Pushing the blame off on someone else is a morally incompetent action. I agree with Lennick that admitting your mistakes can help the company grow by showing that â€Å"we all make mistakes. † By taking the responsibility for their own actions, they are leading by example. Others will feel comfortable coming forward with a failure instead of trying to cover it up. Out of the chapter on responsibility, I agree most with Lennick’s thought that taking responsibility for the growth of their employees is the act of a morally intelligent leader. What better way to support the growth of a company than through retention. When you respect your employee’s and support their goals they are more motivated to do their best for the organization. The third principle in the book discusses compassion and forgiveness. I believe this principle is probably one of the hardest for managers to stay consistent with on a daily basis. Through examples in this book, the power that compassion holds is deeply demonstrated. Brian Heath is an executive who says that compassion is when we take others hopes and dreams seriously and do what we can to help them achieve them. Gary O’Hagan describes compassion as challenging others to do their best, believing in them, and providing the tools needed for their success. Both of these examples show what all leaders ultimate goal should be. With all the daily task and deadlines sometimes the idea of compassion is lost. A different approach to compassion is shown by CEO Charlie Zelle who says that holding others accountable for unacceptable behavior is the most compassionate thing a leader can do. He is exactly correct, how can a leader expect an employee to change if they are not made aware what they are doing is wrong. It seems like a dirty job at first, but in the end the employee will be thankful because this feedback will help them grow. Compassion is a skill all leaders should have which leads into forgiveness. It is a fact that forgiveness is a part of life that is done daily; whether it is thru self-forgiveness or the forgiveness of others mistakes. A powerful statement by the author on this concept is that â€Å"[i]t is important to accept responsibility for what you did and commit to do it better going forward. † This principle holds true not only in our professional lives, but also in our personally lives as well. Human nature does not allow us to be perfect, mistakes are only natural. The final principle is emotions. Our emotions either hinder or help lead the way to using our moral compass and being morally competent in a challenging situation. Lennicks advice is to learn how to conduct self-awareness on ourselves to get to our true emotions. In order to do this you must ask yourself a few questions: what am I thinking, what am I feeling, and what am I doing? In order to be an effective leader there must be a balance of emotions. By taking the time to have a little â€Å"self talk† before overreacting will help reveal thought out responses, not just anger or disappointment. If a leader is constantly an emotional rollercoaster employees do not know how to approach them. Often times the employee will distance themselves from this person instead of having to play the guessing game of how will they react today. It is not possible for a leader to be effective if this is occurring. In conclusion, I believe this is a highly effective book for any leader to read. The authors proved their points thru real life applications from top leaders who have experienced them. In business today moral intelligence is a guide for leaders to achieve success. This intelligence is set out by the four principles discussed in this book. These strong principles all overlap; it is hard to imagine having one without the other. A moral balance is achieved because our moral competencies are constantly working together. An effective leader does not make up their values as they go along; they listen to the inner compass that has already instilled within each of us. The book shows evidence that moral intelligence plays apart in business success. â€Å"If you pay attention to your own moral intelligence and encourage development of moral intelligence throughout your organization, you inspire the best efforts of everyone-and your performance will outpace your rivals’. † I believe this statement is a very impactful reasoning and summarizes the overall meaning of the book.

Brand alliance free essay sample

The desired outcome of a brand alliance is to increase each other brands equity. Some of the examples could be as follows: Two companies pool their resources to co-brand, with the idea that the new product can enjoy a unique positioning or two manufacturers pool resources to develop a promotional campaign featuring both brands. (Samu, Krishnan Smith, 1999, p. 57). In general, brand alliances carry along great benefits but at same time ome inevitable risk. Well-established alliance is a powerful tool that can help to promote, to specify, to enrich, and to increase the brand value. Good example for increasing the brand value is brand alliance of PorscheDesign and Adidas, where PorscheDesign clearly raises the image of Adidas and on other hand PorscheDesign has more presence and can sell its products in many lucrative locations. (Adidas Annual report, 2009). Brand alliances are used at times of prosperity as well as in times when the brand suffers; they may serve as a driver for a brand to regain its market position. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand alliance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wrong arketing strategies can ruin the attractiveness and image of a brand and successful brand alliance can revitalize them. According to (Samu et al. , 1999, p. 57) A new brand might partner with an established brand to build a stronger presence for a specific usage occasion. If one of the brands has very good image and brand equity, it is likely that customers will perceive the partner brand with similar attitude. This strategy is risky and can harm the stronger company. The risk factor can be lowered by extensive market analysis that can reveal some of the unfavourable issues for the xact brand alliance. A common practice for possible alliance partners is creation of an exit strategy. That allows companies react quickly if some of the planned outcomes goes wrong or in other direction than planned. (Melvin Prince Mark Davies, 2002) Very common reason for creation of brand alliance is a launch of a new product. It serves as a great advertising tool because it drags attention. New product is associated with some extraordinary brand, which creates a message for consumers. A successful example of brand alliances to promote new product launch where two trong brands allied and which worked perfectly was Range Rover and Victoria Beckham. The outcome was the new model line of Range Rover, Evoque. Targeted mainly at female customers, sales growth rose significantly after the introduction of Victoria Beckhams special luxury edition. Even though the actual limited edition was produced only in small volumes, it created great deal of exclusivity for the new product. Associating the new model with Victoria Backham and creating a well- managed advertising campaign led to a successful launch of the new model line crowned by many design awards. About Land Rover, 2012). . Analysis of Successful Factors in Brand Alliance 3. 1 Successful Factors Before going deeply in the analysis, it is important to understand in theory the successful factors behind a brand alliance and their effects on consumer attitudes. while the effects they produce are the independent variables. While engaging in an alliance, it is fundamental for companies to work on the successful factors in order to produce and maintain the positive effects while reducin g the negative ones

Oliver and Celia Essay Example

Oliver and Celia Essay Example Oliver and Celia Essay Oliver and Celia Essay We must not forget that other characters than Rosalind use disguise; Touchstone also disguises himself. He does not disguise himself physically, but he disguises his true intentions of marriage with Audrey: sex. Touchstone is a very humorous character in the play, often joking or making puns. He is probably used by Shakespeare to contrast the different types of love and marriage: Touchstone is marrying Audrey for sex, and Audrey is marrying him so she can become a respected woman. This contrasts against Orlando and Rosalinds relationship, that was love at first sight, the like as Oliver and Celia.In this scene, we also see that Celia uses disguise. Originally her motive to disguise herself was for protection. However, she uses her disguise as a helpless weak maiden to get food and shelter, in Act II Scene 4. Also, in Act IV Scene 3, she does not tell Oliver who she really is. If she had told him she was the Dukes daughter, he might not have fallen in love with her, or pushed his feelings aside to bring her back to the court. However, she keeps her disguise until the very end of the play, when all the couples get married.Finally, in the end of the play, Rosalind brings all the couples together to be married, in a triumphant denouement. In the epilogue, she also adds humour through disguise, although she is no longer acting the part of Ganymede. The epilogue is humorous, since she says If I were a woman, which reminds the audience that she is in fact a cross-dressing man, or would have been when it was first performed. Nowadays that is not true, and it is one of the only lines written by Shakespeare that does not transcend time. This is because Rosalind is now played by an actress, as acting is a very reputable profession. However, in 1599, the year the play was written, women were not allowed to become actresses.This inspires thoughts about the way women were and are treated, and how society has changed through time. In Shakespeares time, women were supposed to be gentle, subservient, passive, etc. They were expected to marry, bear children, and raise them. They were constrained by societys rigid rules, especially women at court, like Celia and Rosalind, and had little freedom. Men had much more freedom, and could show their wit, intelligence and humour when they liked. However, it was seen as unfit for females to do the same.Even today, in modern countries in the western world, the two sexes are treated differently, but less so than in other countries such as Islamic ones. Women have more rights nowadays, and laws to protect those rights than in the 1600s.I think that Shakespeare has used the device of disguise very successfully, since he has not only added humour to the written play, but also through cross-dressing added humour. I think that I would have thought this play funny if I had the same sense of humour as people did then, and understood more of the puns and subtle jokes, that are typical of the Elizabethan times but are not found comical now.

Dating in the Workplace is not Ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dating in the Workplace is not Ethical - Essay Example The reason being that â€Å"he had an affair with a female employee† which was not in agreement with the company’s Code of Conduct. The practice of dating happens much often in the workplace setting. People meet each other and get interested in each others’ lives and hobbies, and finally develop relationships. Workplaces are the offline social networks as opposed to the online social networks. Men and women get into contact and start seeing each other. Workplace happens to be a convenient place to go find a suitable person because an employee might not have extra time to spend somewhere else looking for one. However, working in a company does not necessarily mean that one is going to find his soul mate; instead, one is supposed to work toward the establishment of organizational goals and must not jump into relationships because honesty is rare. â€Å"Don’t dip your pen in the company ink!†, is an old saying Gardner quotes in his article. Experts adv ise employees not to date because there are many ethical issues related to it. There are cons of workplace dating that outweigh the pros. But the bitter reality is that employees will not stop dating each other. Let us now discuss the ethical considerations that come with the issue of workplace dating. Ethical Considerations Dr. ... But he decided to make it more than a professional relationship.† This means that although it is perfectly normal to develop a professional relationship between men and women at the workplace, yet it is not suitable by any means to make the relationship personal. Many companies even follow a Code of Conduct that all employees must have to abide by, which prohibits them to date at the workplace. Siegel further asserts that coworker relationships are not that much of an issue as hierarchical relationships like between a boss and a subordinate. When such a relationship develops, it is time for one of the two to quit the job because they are many ethical considerations that are being disturbed. Mixing of sex and power is not at all favorable for the reputation and success of the company in the long run. Sexual Harassment Although workplaces are great places for people to meet and develop relationships, yet an increase in the number of sexual harassment lawsuits warns employees not to develop hasty relationships through dating (Covey and Narvell 130). There are strict penalties for sexual harassment at work and reputed companies do not bear such employees. A male employee may be charged as a sexual harasser if, for example, he has been in a relationship with a female co-employee and after a break-up, still goes after her to patch things up. The latter may file a lawsuit against him for sexual harassment. Also, in case of hierarchical-based relationships, when a boss dates his secretary, for example, then it is not at all necessary that the relationship is mutually consented because there is element of power in it which cannot be ignored. Law will tend to protect the subordinate rather than the boss if at any point in time the former one files a

Marriage and the Family- Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marriage and the Family- Psychology - Essay Example The deviation from the family’s traditional division of responsibilities shall be explained in this short paper. It should be noted that the challenges of the family in these modern days are quite different from the ones in the olden days. The family is an institution that ensures that some basic amenities are provided to its entire member; the husband is the head of the marriage institution and is expected to fulfill his responsibility by adequately providing for the social needs of the whole family, but these days wives now lend a helping hand in meeting up with these challenges. Poverty is also responsible for the break in the traditional responsibilities in the family as Lewis puts it, â€Å"the culture of poverty cuts across regional, rural-urban, and even national boundaries the remarkable similarities in family structure, the nature of kinship ties, the quality of husband-wife and parent-child relations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† (2). The husband is expected to yield to the necessary demands of the wife and their children and when the man of the house does not meet up with his responsibility of catering for the needs of his family, there becomes a problem. Several families witnessed these problems in the past and these have made married women to stand in the gap and assist their husbands in meeting the responsibilities of the family.

Zakaria Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zakaria Reading - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that  the government purports that the economy is improving, it is evident that the US economy is rapidly losing the preeminent position it held for the last decades. By taking into consideration nearly all measures of economic and financial wellbeing, it is evident that the US economy is rapidly declining comparable to other economies such as China. Although the international community still regards the US as a country holding a preeminent position in terms of economic and political factors, an in-depth examination of the country’s economic situation provides a contrary view.This paper discusses that  the US economy is muddled by great debt, which is adversely impacting its economic situation. Comparable to China, the US has massive quantities of public debt. As a percentage of its GDP, the US has public debt of 73.0% and gross government debt as a percentile of its GDP stands at 102.94%. Both of these figures are extremely high for a count ry deemed to be the most economically successful country in the world. The figures essentially speak to the country’s detrimental political processes and administrative decision making, which plunge the country into greater and greater debt over time.  As part of the US government’s ploy to revamp the country’s financial and economic position, the government instituted massive bailout strategies.

Therapeutic Value of Art and History of Art Therapy

Therapeutic Value of Art and History of Art Therapy Therapy Emotions Artistic Becoming An Art Therapist â€Å"Art therapy is a type of psychotherapy that encourages the expression of emotions through artistic activities such as painting, drawing or sculpture; psychotherapy based on the belief that the creative process involved in the making of art is healing and life-enhancing† (Webster’s Dictionary). Art therapy opens a creative world for those who cannot express the way they feel by use of verbal communication. To some people, are not enough. Expression through painting, sculpting, and drawing assists one in overcoming the effects of traumatic or unpleasant happenings in his life. Art therapy is a field that is beneficial to people of all ages, gender, emotional status, or mental ability. It is necessary to examine the knowledge of products resulting from and various methods utilized in a variety of disciplines in order to fully understand the vast benefits of implementing art therapy (Repko, 2005). It is used for a wide variety of conditions such as: the terminally ill, mentally challenged, emotionally disturbed, those afflicted with eating disorders, the abused both physically and verbally, and many more. The goal of Art Therapy is free and open expression, emotional well-being, mental stability and well-balanced coping skills for the client. In the profession of Psychology, use of Art Therapy is considered a most crucial component in evaluating, diagnosing and treating patients. Analysis of a persons psyche and mental health is often difficult with the single use of verbal communication. The use of art in healing dates back to the ancient drawings on walls of caves, revealing that although the profession of Art Therapy appears very young in the family of mental health disciplines it is very old and personally natural in practice. There is even evidence that the creative act of art may have prevented or forestalled more serious mental disorders for painters such as Blake, Munch or Van Gogh (McNiff, 1980). Patients who are given the opportunity to free themselves of inhibitions stemming from inner hesitations of new experiences, parental influences, cultural or economic are able to express deep fears, even fantasies or wishes through the expression of art. It is the symbolic language of images that initiates the surfacing of feelings and emotions that one often cannot or dares not to express verbally (Meltzer, 1948). As people outgrow inhibitions their personalities are freed and they can express and project feelings as well as face events that once disturbed them. In therapy, the developmental stages of art expression go from quite restricted and simplistic stereotypic models to images with actual faces or events expressed. Frustrated or once disassociated personalities are released and reintegrated through the use of art expression (McNiff, 1948). Art is often neglected as a serious academic subject in educational institutions. However, with further investigation it can compliment even the most difficult educational programs. Art is important to every student, but especially in programs educating handicapped or exceptional children. J. Dewey expressed in his drive to develop humanness in exceptional children that â€Å"†¦artistic activity is the way in which one may gain in strength and stature, the belief in his own powers, and the self respect which makes artistic activity constructive in the growth of personality† (Dewey, 1970 as sited in Integration of Art Education into Special Education Programs, 1976, n.p.). Curiosity is emerging about the therapeutic values of art, where once there was an emphasis on cognition art is becoming recognized as beneficial in the development and growth of individuals. The goal of both art therapist and art teacher is for an individual to realize his full ego. Teachers and therapists strive to master techniques which affect and develop the inner psyche of students. Margaret Naumburg was the first educator who had a sophisticated understanding of the importance of art in education. She incorporated free art expression into her work and published writings about her experiences. Teachers joined clinicians and educators in institutions dealing with handicapped, the bereaved and the mentally ill (Rubin, 1980). Intense and long-term education with clinical practice is required for an Art Therapist to obtain certification. The very nature of altering one’s personality or well-being in therapy necessitates the seriousness in consideration of the academic and practical preparation of an art therapist. The American Art Therapy Association was formed to regulate and determine and delineate the degree of education and training of art therapists. Standards of registration include strict guidelines with requirements including a master’s program with a highly valued emphasis on graduate training under the supervision and tutelage of art therapists and psychotherapists within clinical settings (McNiff, 1980). A wide variety of disciplines could be examined to understand the value of Art Therapy. Some are: sociology, psychology, economics, artand education. The scope of this paper will focus onhow art therapy is used in analyzing the psychological health of patients and treatment of; the development of individuality through art incorporated into education; and the aesthetic value of expression through the creative act of art. The most critical disciplines to determine the benefits of Art Therapy incorporated into its goal are psychology, art, and education. Examining the perspective of psychology will allow understanding of how a person can be evaluated for emotional and mental health, and methods of treatment prescribed to achieve the ultimate of balanced well-being through the use of the creative act. Psychology is the science of the status of the mind and it processes. Many conditions and happenings in life affect an individual’s physical and mental health. It is imperative to evaluate and prescribe the most beneficial methods of treatment to achieve this balance of mental status. Examining the perspective of art will reveal how expression of emotion and experience within the freedom of verbal communication has a healing affect on an individual and can rid him of past traumas or harmful experiences that prevent ultimate health. Art is the production of what is appealing, considered beautiful or that which is of more than ordinary significance. The avenue of communication through this type of creative expression enhances all individuals who utilize it. Not only is aesthetic value received through artistic expression, rather the therapeutic value far outweighs the former benefits. Finally, in looking at the perspective of education may explain why there is a necessity of years of academic instruction and clinical practice to obtain the certification of art therapy. Education is considered the intellectual preparation for mature life through acquiring knowledge. Its goal is to develop the power to reason based on knowledge and instruction that is imparted to the student. The profession of Art Therapy requires many years of academic study as well as clinical study and internship to obtain certification. Intense focus is on the importance of proper study and training to perform art therapy with an individual. Research of articles, journals and literary information pertaining to each discipline will be conducted. Products of the three disciplines mentioned concerning art therapy will be discussed such as American Art Therapy Association standards and requirements, artistic work of individuals before and after treatment, and exhibits of artistic expression from a variety of painters. The effectiveness of art therapy will also be revealed through drawings and paintings exhibited by different artists and individuals. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the therapeutic value of free expression in drawing, sculpting and the use of images; how art expands the imagination and educational scope of children and adults; and how the development of personality and character is affected when allowed expression through non- verbal means. By looking at similarities in the end product of individuals through various disciplines, the benefits of implementing art therapy will be revealed. Background Art Therapy (All in bold will be defined in Appendix A) began its history in the 1930s in America because of the efforts of Margaret Naumburg. In thirty years it developed into seven courses taught in five institutions by four art therapists including Ms. Naumburg. By 1971 four programs offered master’s degrees in art therapy. These degrees were offered in universities, a medical college and a college known for its fine arts studies. Single courses in art therapy were offered across the country in academic institutions as supplemental education. The historical background of art therapy began very slowly with seemingly nothing happening and then it developed with great speed (Agell, 1980). In the early development of art therapy professionals used it as case work for treating children with behavioral problems in residencies and special schools, hospitalized patients and private clients. â€Å"Art therapists who, convinced of the special qualities inherent in art, persuaded others – artists, teachers, and clinicians – that art expression provided an enduring, moving, and sometimes exquisite message of human experience† (Agell, 1980, p. 9). During the pioneering days, many therapists had been doing art therapy but didn’t know what to call the process or results of something special that was happening in their work. Elinor Utman founded the American Journal of Art Therapy in 1961. This publication provided information regarding the therapeutic use of art in professions. It also enabled art therapists who had formerly been isolated to be unified. This ultimately led to the founding of the American Art Therapy Association (AATA) in 1969 that gave therapists a structure for promoting their field of work, and its ultimate priority was to support the training development of art therapists. Two documents, Guidelines for ArtTherapy Training and Guidelines were created to provide the fundamental standards for training and the educational level required for certification of art therapy. It was determined that professional certification should be with a Master’s degree with recommended didactic and practicum experience (Agell, 1980). Art therapy has developed into four categories: recreational, occupation, general therapeutic and actual art therapy. These types of therapy are typically used with a variety of patients; the most intensive application of the therapy was used on institutionalized tubercular patients. Handicrafts and major arts were used to aid in the depression caused by elongated institutionalization. Physically handicapped patients were trained how to use other limbs or a different set of learning functions. Neurologically impaired patients such as those with cerebral palsy, mongoloid or the blind experienced the benefit of release or development of a satisfactory degree of intellectual functioning through the creative act of art. Those with mental and psychologically deviant conditions experienced art therapy as a therapeutic process and sometimes as a curative process. Art therapy was used for the occupational benefit as well as for enjoyment. â€Å"With the retarded and pathological child we have begun to realize the great help that can be gained from art psychotherapy in the youngest age group (Harms, 1975, p. 242). Research in progress shows that we ought first to distinguish between intellectual and perceptive learning. An impaired child will comprehend a branch of green leaves or a flower much more readily if it is not only explained to him but if he also has drawn it with crayons. The creative method of comprehending is not only much simpler but also reaches deeper into the apperceptive nature of the young child† (Harms, 1975, p.242). Development of Art therapy is used for people with health issues. Anna, age twelve, is a patient who came to treatment after having suffered many traumatic experiences due to a heart defect. She endured five major cardiac surgeries and had many problems that compounded her condition other than the physical difficulties. Having been sexually abused by a family member she exhibited difficulty coping with her feelings about the issues in her life causing stomach aches and a lack in friendships. Anna’s treatment included art therapy and resulted in better management of her anxiety and depression. A part of her treatment was to create a collage to draw out the subconscious feelings she had reached regarding her life issues. The focus of treatment and healing was her serious medical condition along with abuses. Anna’s depiction of herself in the collage was a figure with a large head and small body shown in the center of the paper. She had cut out magazine and placed the â€Å"good† describing herself on the right of her head and to the left, the â€Å"bad†. It was determined that she could not see both sides as a part of the whole head indicating she viewed herself as divided. It was only through art instead of traditional verbal therapy that this depiction of self was revealed. Though she was initially unaware of the divided view of herself through art therapy she reached a measure of healing resulting in healthier coping skills. This was confirmed by the change of images in her art, proving the benefit of art in treatment as well as recovery (Lees, 2003-2005). Victims of violent physical abuse also benefit from art therapy in that they are able to express in images horrible experiences that are either no longer conscious or are too painful to verbalize. As a sexual abuse survivor Susan exhibited a common theme of confusion of feelings and devaluation of self that is often only revealed through art. Art therapy reveals through images the impact the violence of sexual abuse creates. The first drawing of Susan reflected her pain with a single tear on an expressionless face. Her torment was silent, but through continued use of art she was able to express her suppressed emotions and the feelings that overwhelmed her. Progressive pictures depicted images of her feelings of loneliness and helplessness. Art allowed Susan to step outside herself and view what her feelings look like. This was a step used for her to learn how to own her true feelings. Through art she was able to see herself as a grown woman with an inner child. The colors in her art turned from black and colorless to vibrant and vivid. Emotions of anger appeared after the fifth drawing and as art drawings continued through treatment deeper emotions were depicted in the images and color selection. Through art therapy Susan was able to work through the steps of healing which brought hope of a new life without the pain from past experiences (Lees, 2003-2005). A third use of art therapy is with people who have challenges living in the normal realm of life. Children with autism benefit from art therapy by the opportunity to express and communicate with the world through images since they often cannot verbally. Sung, a Korean five year old girl, was filmed with a 35 mm camera to determine the benefit of art in autistic children. In her first session she became familiarized with the supplies used in art – sketchbook and a box of bright wax craypas. Her first drawings were banana-like arcs with heavy lines or large solid dots also containing rectangular patches. Other forms come and go in her depictions. Eventually she became â€Å"mesmerized by activity which fills her entire visual field and is absorbed by the deepening color and her rapidly moving hand seen from scant inches away† (Kellman, 2004, p.13). Sung’s art developed into additional shapes and a common images of heads with big solid eye dots and facial features. As time went on her pictures became more detailed including bodies with clothes and thinner lines. Paints and origami were introduced which developed dexterity. She was able to develop keen vision with spatial capacities as well as the control of fine motor skills. Her art revealed that autistic children frequently â€Å"focus on the geometric structure of a visual scene and on the forms and structures of objects themselves in their drawings† (Kellman, 2004, p.16). Sung was developing her available skills through art. Art therapy has developed into an essential and beneficial form of treatment and therapy. The above three scenarios prove the variety of uses in the expressive language of art. People with physical, mental or emotional difficulties are able to heal or develop with the use of art expression. The extent of healing/development can be measured through the progression of detail in the images. The scope of treatment is determined by the extent or type of art medium necessary. From its beginning in the 1930s, art therapy has developed and become recognized as an authentic therapy to assist people through a variety of disciplines. The objective of this paper is to explain how to become a successful art therapist by showing examples of treatments and giving the guidelines of the educational process. Integrating several disciplines forms a holistic, comprehensive understanding of how to accomplish this profession by using the Comprehensive Perspectives Model (Repko, 2005). Psychology not only benefits the therapist but is also the core reason patients turn to art therapy. Having a background in psychology will give an understanding of the brain and gives insights of how to cope and treat the issue. Art consists of the therapeutic process of learning to show emotion by using drawing pencils, paints and clay for sculpturing. Any individual can benefit from art alone because it subconsciously uses all the senses. Education is what ties the two above disciplines together. Psychology and art alone are very different but with having the proper process in both, together they form a creative solution for those not only in need of therapy, but for all. References Psychology Evans, R., Tissot, C. (2003). Children with autistic spectrum disorders: Perspectives on current research. Early Childhood Development and Care173, 361-362. Kellman, J. (2004).Art of a child with autism: Drawing systems and proto mathematics. Journal of Aesthetic Education. 38, 12-22. Lusebrink, V.B., (2004). Art therapy and the brain: An attempt to understand the underlying process of art expression in therapy. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association21, 125-135. Meltzer, H. (1948). Studies of the free art expression of behavior problem children and adolescents as a means of diagnosis and therapy. The Journal of Educational Psychology39(6), 382-384. Art Harms, E. (1975). The development of art therapy. Leonardo8, 214-244. Lees, L. A. (2003-2005). Lees psychological services, inc.. Retrieved March 8, 2008, from Examples of How Art Therapy Works Web site:http://heartandmindmatters.com/content/view/8/7/ Packard, S. (1980). The history of art therapy education. Art Education33, 10-13. Rubin, J.A. (1980). Art therapy today. Art Education33, 6-8. Education May, D.C. (1976). Integration of art education into special education programs. Art Education. 29, 16-20. McNiff, Shaun (1980). Art therapy registration and standards of practice. Art Education. 33, 29-30. Stoner, S.D., Drachnik, C., Jensch, K., Jungles, G., Levick, M., Minar, V. (1980). Employment, training program development, and legislative issues. 33, 25-28. Additional Sources Repko, A. (2005) Interdisciplinary practice: A student guide to research and writing. Boston: Pearson. Webster, N (1961). Websters new international dictionary. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press. Figure Captions Figure 1: Untitled (Lees, 2003 2005) Figure 2: Letting Go (Lees, 2003 2005) Figure 3: Inner Child (Lees, 2003 005) Figure 4: Haling Hope (Lees, 2003 2005) Appendix A: Glossary (Preston, 2008) apperceptive able to relate new percepts to past experience art – â€Å"the means of widening the range of human experiences and creating equivalents for such experiences; an area where experience can be chosen, varied and repeated at will. In the creative act, conflict is re-experienced, resolved and integrated â€Å" (Kramer, 1958, p. 6) art therapy – therapy with the use of creative activities to express emotions enabling individuals to manage/overcome physical and mental problems. curative something that cures; a remedy. dexterity skill and grace in physical movement, especially in the use of the hands or mental skill or cleverness. didactic intended to instruct; inclined to teach or moralize excessively. craypas painting media such as watercolor, temper, acrylic, oils, wax crayons

Tma01

There are various ways in which we can organise our thinking. These can be helpful when we are trying to improve our memory or when trying to recall things from the past. The three ways I am about to explain are all similar in the way we organise our thinking, and can be a powerful aid to our memory. Each point is backed up with evidence to support this. One of the ways we organise our thinking is by using mental images. By forming a mental image, we are thinking about something by constructing a mental picture of it in our mind.There are various ways of constructing mental images which can lead to better recall when trying to remember things. The mental image will give us a cue when we come to recalling the information. We will have spent time and effort studying the information previously and formed an image which we will have fixed in our memory. This will then help us to recall the information more easily. One technique for improving memory would be by using Mnemonics, which are based on the construction of mental images.An example of a mnemonic would be ‘Never Eat Shredded Wheat’ which would help us to remember ‘North, East, South and West’ in the right order. Another technique for improving memory would be the key word technique. The key word technique is useful when trying to learn a foreign language. To form the key word, you would find an English word or words that sound like the foreign word. Then you would make a mental image of the key word, along with the English translation, and this would be the key word technique.To prove that this technique is successful, Michael Raugh and Richard Atkinson (1975) carried out an experiment on two groups of participants using the key word technique. The participants were asked to memorise sixty Spanish words, but only one group were taught to use the key word technique. The participants using the key word technique scored much higher than the participants that did not use it. Another way we can organise our thinking is by forming concepts. A concept formation is a way of organising our thoughts by putting them into categories.One example of this would be ‘food’ which is a concept that has sub-concepts, such as fruit, meat and vegetables. We could then divide these sub-concepts into further sub-concepts; for example, fruit would be divided into pears, grapes, bananas, apples, etc. The use of concepts can improve memory by helping us when recalling information by putting them into categories. Take a practical situation for example, such as finding an item in a messy drawer. Trying to extract the item from the drawer would prove difficult and would take quite some time to find.However if this drawer was organised into different sections, then it would be a lot easier to find what you are looking for. We develop the same system when using concepts to organise our thinking when recalling information, thus improving our memory. An experiment to prove how con cepts can improve our recall was developed by Weston Bousfield (1953). Participants were asked to learn sixty words that could be placed into four categories. The words were mixed up, but the participants seemed to remember the words more easily when knowing they could be grouped with other words in the same category.So taking the word cat, they would remember the words dog, mouse and rabbit. In similar experiments, by being given the category headings, most participants find that this gives them a cue to access more words. Finally, we can organise our thinking by using schemas. A schema is a mental framework of knowledge about certain situations, objects, people, places and even yourself. Schemas are developed as a result of your experiences of the world and how you think about certain things. For example, if you were to think of the word ‘hospital’, your schema would include a list of everything you associate with a hospital.For example, hospital beds, the smell of cl eaning fluids, ambulance sirens, doctors and nurses, etc. Schemas can help provide a cue to prompt our memory when coming to recalling information. We will have stored the information in a specific category so that it can be recalled more easily. One example of this is shown in an experiment carried out by John Bransford and Marcia Johnson (1972). Participants were read a passage which described in detail the process of washing clothes, however they were not told that the title was ‘washing clothes’.Many of the participants found that they had difficulty in understanding the passage and were unable to recall the details. However once the participants were given the title to the passage, this provided the schema which helped them to recall the information more easily. Although schemas are an efficient way of helping us to organise our thinking by providing a cue when recalling information, they can also distort our recall and lead us astray. Evidence to prove this was ca rried out in a study by William Brewer (1981) to prove the distorting effects of schemas on memory.The participants were taken into an office and asked to wait for 35 seconds. They were then taken into another room and asked to recall the contents that they had seen in the office. Participants recalled the items that are fitting with a typical office schema; however they had failed to notice other objects in the room such as a brick and a pair of pliers, even recalling items such as a telephone which were not in the office. This study shows that we often adjust our recalled information so that it is in fitting with our existing schemas.In some cases this could have a detrimental effect, especially if you have witnessed a crime and need to be called to give an eye witness testimony. When coming to recalling events that happened in the past, there is a chance that the gaps in your memory will be unconsciously filled by inferences. In conclusion, mental images can improve our memory by forming a mental image in our mind, concepts by organising our thoughts and putting them into categories and schemas by developing a mental framework of our knowledge of our experiences.Each of these ways can give us a cue when we come to recalling information, thus improving our memory. However, although these ideas of organising our thinking may help us to improve our memory, they can also distort our recall and lead us astray.Word count = 1,095 References Spoors, P. , Dyer, E. , Finlay, L. and Marsh, G. (2011) starting with psychology, Milton Keynes, The Open University.

Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass as self-made men Essay

‘Autobiography’ of Benjamin Franklin states that apart from being one of the founding fathers of United States, he was a philosopher, scientist, inventor, a leading writer, publisher and a diplomat too. A person with so many specialties in his personality is rarely seen and when we read the whole book, which has 14 chapters, we come to know that Benjamin Franklin was completely a self-made man. He gained expertise in each field he worked because he did everything in his life with all his interest. Benjamin gives a good description of his life in Philadelphia and his keen interest in literature and hilosophy in this book. He also had interest in religion prevailing in America during colonial and revolutionary period. He wrote the first five chapters of the book in England in 1771 and after 13 years i. e. , probably in 1884-85 he continued it when he was in Paris. Later when he returned to US in 1788, he completed the book giving the account of his life till he is 57 years old i. e. , till 1757. One year after Benjamin Franklin’s death, in March 1791, his autobiography was published in Paris. Benjamin was born in Boston in 1706 as his father’s 15th child out of 17. When he was a chool going child he wanted to become a minister but later he dropped this idea as he had great interest in reading and writing. For the first few years, Benjamin apprenticed his brother but soon moved to Philadelphia and worked there for some time. While staying in Philadelphia, Franklin made friends with well-known political figures and then moved to England. Here he stayed for 18 months with James Ralph who was a good friend of his but later he estranged with him. Then in 1726 he returned to America where he started a debating club in a very short time and called it the Junto. After two years, with the help of tools and knowledge gained in England, he turned ‘The Pennsylvania Gazette’ into a flourishing publication after taking it over from Keimer. In 1730 Benjamin married his beloved, Deborah Read and had two children. Franklin did printing work for the government holding small positions during 1730s. Later he became postmaster of Philadelphia and also started Poor Richard’s Almanac. He invented Franklin stove by the end of 1730s. 1740s saw him working on various projects like fire brigade, police force, university of Philadelphia and even public works like street weeping service too. After retiring from printing business in 1748 he conducted various scientific researches on lightning. He was honored with degrees from Harvard and Yale in 1753 and he turned out to be the Postmaster General of America. Next year saw war breaking out between England and France and he participated in the war by drafting proposals that helped bring funds for the war. However the ‘Autobiography’ is left unfinished and is written only up to 1757. The first chapter of his ‘Autobiography’ is addressed to his first son, William Franklin who was born nearly one year after his marriage. He writes, Dear son: I have ever had pleasure in obtaining any little anecdotes of my ancestors. You may remember the enquiries I made among the remains of my relations when you were with me in England, and the journey I undertook for that purpose. (The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Chapter one, Lines 1-3) First chapter includes his present work and the reasons behind choosing it, some description of his ancestors’, about his early life and his attachment towards reading books. In chapter six, Benjamin mentions a lot of such incidents that made him decide to be simply honest in his dealings in life. The philosophical lines in chapter six are, I grew convinc’d that truth, sincerity and integrity in dealings between man and man were of the utmost importance to the felicity of life; and I form’d written resolutions. Which still remain in my journal book, to practice them ever while I lived. (The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Chapter six, Paragraph 21, Lines 1-2) Thus we find that Benjamin Franklin worked on lot of projects and expertised his knowledge in various field with the help of his own experiences of life. He met various people and read variety of books too, which further helped him develop a sense of esponsibility and duty as well also morality and self-improvement. â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave† is a book with eleven chapters that gives us the picture of Douglass’s life as a slave and how keen he was to become a free man. His book has played quite an influential role during the ‘abolition movement’ of early nineteenth century in United States. The first chapter starts with the information that Douglass is unaware of his date of birth and seems sad about this fact. Then he explains that he lost his mother when he was only seven-year-old but he was taken far away from his mother even before that. He had no idea about who was his father but according to most people he must have been the son of his owner who was a white man. The first time when Douglass could see the brutal side of slavery was when he saw his Aunt Hester being whipped. The following two three chapters describe the life of slaves of that time and how they were treated along with farms’ structure also. A very important and mentionable point here is the description of the singing of the slaves and this makes the reader have a good deal of admiration for Douglass as he knows far better that slaves are forced to do everything. Douglass mentions incidents of extreme brutality with slaves even if they spoke truth. He also makes the reader aware of how slaves were taught to behave in front of their owners. In chapter five he starts with life in Baltimore as he was taken there and also mentions that had he not been taken to Baltimore, he would have been slave for the rest of his life without having the feeling of making himself free. Here he started to feel that he could also have better hopes for future and mentions his new mistress, Mrs. Auld as a very kind woman initially but in due course of time turned malicious. Douglass learned to spell small words and read a little bit from Mrs. Auld and he tried to develop his new skill whenever he found time and opportunity. The following two chapters describe his life in Baltimore and how he learns to read and write for himself and the sufferings due to this skill for him. In chapter six he mentions the difference in the treatments of a city slave and rural slave. He writes, I had resided but a short time in Baltimore before I observed a marked difference, in the treatment of slaves, from that which I had witnessed in the country. A city slave is almost free man compared with a slave on the plantation. He is much better fed and clothed, and enjoys privileges altogether unknown to the slave on the plantation. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Chapter six, Paragraph 4, Lines 1-2) When Douglass was probably ten or eleven years his master died and with the division of property he was sent to the family of Master Hugh. For some time he was moved from one master to another which he extremely hated but had no option other than to follow the instructions of his present master. During these different voyages, Douglass made up is mind to flee from this kind of life and tried to take an account of the direction he was traveling so that it would help him run away from there. He had very hard time with the kind of work he was allotted and he was even whipped almost weekly just because he was awkward with the work. All this crossed the limit of patience for Douglass and one day when his master Covey tried to tie him he fought and won. After this incident he was never beaten. Douglass was then sent to another farm where he made friends with other slaves and also taught them to read and write. Here he planed to escape with some of the slaves but was caught and sent to jail. After being released from jail he was sent to learn some trade in Baltimore and he worked as a trainee in a shipyard. Here also white men abused him and his master was kind enough to make him work as a caulker and not go back to the shipyard again. He was even given wages for his work but he had to give them to Master Auld. He writes, In the early part of the year 1838, I became quite restless. I could see no reasons why I should, at the end of each week, pour the reward of my toil into the purse of my master. When I carried to him my weekly wages, he would, after counting the money, look at me in the face with a robber-like fierceness, and ask, â€Å"Is this all? he was satisfied with nothing less than the last cent. He would, however, when I made him six dollars, sometimes give me six cents, to encourage me. It had the opposite effect. (Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave, Chapter eleven, Paragraph 3, Lines 1-3) Somehow Douglass manages and finds his own job and escapes from there and moves to Massachusetts. He mentioned very little about this escape in order to protect the names of persons who helped him in this work. After this he met his fiance and started working on his own. He then joined an antislavery get-together and fought for the issue from that time onwards. Within four months of the publication of the book, â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave† in 1845, it made a sale of five thousand copies. Douglass sailed to England after the publication of his book and remained there for next two years, as he feared to be recaptured by his legal master. This book eventually gave him the liberty to work for himself and people now believed in the story of his past. He then started a black newspaper too.

A Comparison Between Dulce Et Decorum Est and Pro Patria Essay Example

A Comparison Between Dulce Et Decorum Est and Pro Patria Essay Example A Comparison Between Dulce Et Decorum Est and Pro Patria Paper A Comparison Between Dulce Et Decorum Est and Pro Patria Paper the old lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori How sweet and fitting it is to die for your country) Both poems are from around the time of the First World War, Pro Patria was written just before the outbreak, written during the conflict. I believe that the stance taken by the authors stems from their experience of the war and the time at which they were written. Seaman did not and could not know what was to happen in the Great War, as it was yet to happen when he wrote the poem. Owen, on the other hand, had been at the front line, and had seen what he was writing about, and felt a need to tell others what he had seen, as opposed to Seaman who was writing for the government.

Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Essays

Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Essays Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Paper Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay Paper Andok’s Lechon Manok is one of the longest and most popular joint poulet in our state. This company was started by the so called male parent of â€Å"Litson Manok. † Leonardo â€Å"Sandy† Javier Jr. twenty old ages ago. He said that he encountered legion letdowns and battles in prolonging their concern particularly when they have a batch of rivals like Baliwag but he did non give up. He made his concern his passion and was really determined to be successful. When he was still get downing. he did non hold the capital to get down a concern. He was forced to borrow twelve poulets from his mother’s friend. Unfortunately. he merely sold two poulets. His battles in life inspired him to endeavor harder and to be a better enterpriser. He experimented with the different ingredients to capture what we know today as the hallmark Andok’s gustatory sensation. Before. he started with 12 poulets until it boosted its day-to-day stock list to eighty poulets. His concern started germinating because he said that he loves what he is making and he believes so much in his concern. Up to day of the month. Javier continues to turn Andok’s with its bill of fare spread outing to include liempo. porc chop. sinigang. etc. Andok’s besides opened its doors to franchising. Because of their efficient and systematic franchise support. an â€Å"AA† criterion for Good Fabrication Practices ( GMP ) has been obtained by their Metro Manila commissary and nominative â€Å"AAA† criterion GMP for Iloilo commissary. For the consumer’s better entree. Andok’s were strategically located in topographic points where it is seeable and accessible from major thoroughfares ; rider terminuss of public public-service corporation vehicles ; community centres or promenades ; near markets ; commercial/ concern territory ; and countries with high pes and vehicle traffic. To keep the quality of the nutrient being served. all stocks and ingredients will be supplied from the Andok’s production installation pre-portioned. marinated and ready-to-cook. Take-out franchise shops will be equipped with the standard rotisserie machine with goon and chromium steel steel chimney. stove. siopao soft-shell clam. cooking tabular array. Dokito frier. hair-raiser boxes. deep-freezes and other equipment. Here is the list of awards garnered by Andok’s through the old ages of service: 1999â€Å"GAWAD NEGOSYANTENG PINOY† Most Outstanding Food Retailer Operator given by NEGO-PILIPINO FOUNDATION. INC. and MORNINGS @ GMA 7 2002 DANGAL NG PILIPINAS BEST SELLING LITSON MANOK â€Å"CONSUMER’S CHOICE ANNUAL AWARDS† Given by Organization For Peace and Progress Oriented Group. Inc. 2005PRODUCT A ; SERVICE EXCELLENCE AWARDEE â€Å"BEST FAMILY-ORIENTED LITSON MANOK BRAND† PARANGAL SA PAMILYANG PILIPINO In decision. Andok’s has been runing efficaciously for over 25 old ages. Although a roasted poulet concern meets a figure of challengers in the market. Andok’s has made its base to be one of the most successful trade name of litson manok in the state. Despite holding a batch of rivals. they try to introduce their merchandises. add different merchandises. and at the same clip spread out their company. They were able to get the better of the battles that they faced and be successful in their concern.